Carnelian is a brownish-red variety of chalcedony (silica mineral) that is similar to sard, but relatively softer and with lighter tones. which is generally harder and darker; the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably. The color varies from pale orange to an intense orange and black due to presence of iron oxide. It is found in Peru, Sri Lanka, Thailand as well as Indonesia, Brazil, India, Iran, Russia and Germany. Red carnelian has been used to make beads and decorative art since ancient times. Indian carnelian beads with acid etched white design are recorded from 2600–1700 BC. Red carnelian is the stone of action and passion and is believed to promote motivation, creativity, courage and physical energy. It is also known to provide emotional warmth and support.
